Practice: Cells and Microorganisms
Cells – Basic Unit, Types, Structure & Division
Q1: Who first observed “cells” in a thin slice of cork using a simple microscope?
A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B) Robert Hooke
C) Matthias Schleiden
D) Rudolf Virchow
Q2: Which statement is not a part of the modern cell theory?
A) All living organisms are made up of cells
B) Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
C) New cells arise from non-living material under suitable conditions
D) All cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division
Q3: In a unicellular organism like Amoeba, all life processes are carried out by:
A) Many specialised tissues
B) A single cell
C) Only one organ system
D) Many different organs inside body cavity
Q4: Which of the following is a typical feature of a prokaryotic cell?
A) True nucleus with nuclear membrane
B) Membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria
C) Genetic material without nuclear membrane (nucleoid)
D) Presence of large vacuole and chloroplasts always in body part etc.
Q5: Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Cell wall
D) Mitochondria
Q6: “Power house of the cell” is the common name for which organelle?
A) Chloroplast
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondrion
D) Lysosome
Q7: Which combination correctly shows a plant cell organelle and its function?
A) Chloroplast – protein synthesis
B) Vacuole – photosynthesis
C) Chloroplast – preparation of food using sunlight
D) Nucleus – only excretion, no genetic role linked part etc.
Q8: Removal of nucleus from a living cell will first affect:
A) Control of cell activities and division
B) Entry of substances through cell membrane only
C) Presence of chlorophyll in chloroplast
D) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy only in plant leaf etc.
Q9: In mature human red blood cells (RBCs), which of the following is absent?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Cell membrane
D) Haemoglobin pigment in full capacity etc.
Q10: Cell membrane is called “selectively permeable” because it:
A) Allows all substances freely
B) Does not allow any substance to pass
C) Allows only water molecules
D) Allows only some substances to pass in and out of the cell
Q11: Which statement correctly compares vacuoles in plant and animal cells?
A) Both plant and animal cells have no vacuoles
B) Plant cells have large central vacuole; animal cells have small or temporary vacuoles
C) Animal cells have larger vacuoles than plant cells
D) Vacuoles are present only in bacteria and not in plant or animal cells etc.
Q12: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) appears “rough” due to the presence of:
A) Mitochondria attached to its surface
B) Lysosomes attached to its surface
C) Ribosomes attached to its surface
D) Vacuoles attached to its surface inner wall side etc.
Q13: Which organelle is called “suicide bag of the cell” because it contains digestive enzymes?
A) Lysosome
B) Golgi body
C) Centrosome
D) Nucleolus only as dense body part etc.
Q14: Mitosis in human body cells is mainly required for:
A) Formation of gametes only
B) Growth and repair of tissues
C) Reduction of chromosome number to half
D) Formation of pollen grains in anther only etc. combined view wise etc.
Q15: In meiosis, the chromosome number in daughter cells becomes half so that:
A) Body cells can grow very large
B) Gametes can fuse without changing chromosome number of species
C) Only blood cells can divide faster
D) Cell wall formation can take place in every tissue of organism etc.
Microorganisms – Introduction, Useful & Harmful
Q16: Which of the following is not a main group of microorganisms studied in school biology?
A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Fungi
D) Mammals only as one celled body part etc.
Q17: The bacterium mainly responsible for turning milk into curd in Indian homes is:
A) Rhizobium
B) Lactobacillus
C) Clostridium
D) Plasmodium
Q18: Which pair correctly connects microorganism and its useful role in agriculture?
A) Rhizobium – nitrogen fixation in legume roots
B) Lactobacillus – formation of root nodules
C) Virus – increasing soil fertility
D) Yeast – directly fixing nitrogen in paddy fields automatically etc.
Q19: Penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic, was discovered from a:
A) Bacterium
B) Fungus
C) Virus
D) Protozoan parasite only infecting humans etc.
Q20: A vaccine provides protection against disease mainly by:
A) Killing all microbes in blood instantly
B) Stimulating body to produce antibodies
C) Thickening the skin as barrier only
D) Directly killing vectors like mosquitoes physically etc.
Q21: Which statement about viruses is correct?
A) Viruses can multiply outside any living cell in nutrient solution
B) Viruses are cellular organisms with cytoplasm and nucleus
C) Viruses can reproduce only inside living host cells
D) Viruses are visible clearly with naked eye in normal light etc.
Q22: Which disease is correctly matched with its causative organism?
A) Malaria – virus
B) Cholera – bacterium
C) Dengue – fungus
D) Ringworm – protozoan only specific etc.
Q23: In India, the pulse polio programme targeted a disease caused by:
A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Virus
D) Protozoa in drinking water etc. combined flow wise etc.
Q24: Food poisoning from stale cooked rice kept at room temperature is mainly due to:
A) Growth of bacteria and their toxins
B) Only dust particles in air
C) Dissolved oxygen in water
D) Extra starch getting converted to vitamins without microbes etc.
Q25: Which method is commonly used at home to preserve pickles and prevent microbial growth?
A) Adding excess water
B) Keeping in moist open container
C) Using oil, salt and airtight jars
D) Keeping in dark but wet place without any covering etc.
Q26: Malaria, a common disease in India, is caused by a protozoan and transmitted by:
A) Male Anopheles mosquito
B) Female Anopheles mosquito
C) Housefly
D) Sandfly in all cases everywhere etc.
Q27: Which combination is correct regarding tuberculosis (TB)?
A) Caused by virus; spread only through contaminated water
B) Caused by bacterium; spread mainly through air
C) Caused by protozoan; spread through insect vector
D) Caused by fungus; spread only by eating spoiled food etc.
Q28: Pasteurisation of milk helps in its safe storage because:
A) It removes all fat from milk
B) It adds sugar to milk
C) It kills harmful bacteria by heating and rapid cooling
D) It changes milk into curd directly without any culture etc.
Q29: In biogas plants set up in Indian villages, microorganisms mainly help by:
A) Producing electricity directly
B) Decomposing dung and organic waste to release methane gas
C) Converting sand to soil
D) Changing plastic into fertiliser automatically in all plants etc.
Q30: Which statement best shows that microorganisms can be both “friends and foes” to humans?
A) All microbes only cause diseases
B) All microbes only help in food production
C) Some microbes make curd and medicines, while others cause diseases
D) Microbes have no role in human life at all long term etc. part wise view etc.