Practice: Ecosystem & Energy Flow

A) Only all the animals in a forest
B) Only all the plants in a field
C) Interaction between living organisms and their physical environment
D) Only the non-living factors like air, water and soil

A) Crop field
B) Fish tank in a house
C) Pond
D) Botanical garden designed by people

A) Soil, water, air, light
B) Grass, soil, goat, tiger
C) Bacteria, fungi, temperature
D) Trees, shrubs, herbs only

A) Primary consumers
B) Secondary consumers
C) Producers
D) Decomposers

A) Dissolved oxygen
B) Water
C) Phytoplankton
D) Sunlight falling on water surface

A) Forest
B) Lake
C) Desert
D) Agricultural field (cropland)

A) Fixation of solar energy
B) Conversion of dead matter into simple substances
C) Pollination of flowers
D) Only controlling population of herbivores

A) Only producers
B) Only consumers
C) Abiotic factors like soil, air and water
D) Only decomposers in the soil

A) Grass
B) Grasshopper
C) Eagle
D) Fungi on dead leaves

A) Energy and nutrients both are recycled in the same way
B) Nutrients are recycled but energy flows in one direction
C) Energy is recycled but nutrients flow only once
D) Neither energy nor nutrients move through an ecosystem

A) Grass → Tiger → Deer
B) Tiger → Deer → Grass
C) Grass → Deer → Tiger
D) Deer → Grass → Tiger

A) Zooplankton
B) Small fish
C) Phytoplankton
D) Crab feeding on dead matter

A) Because organisms store 90% of energy for next level
B) Because most energy is destroyed while moving
C) Because most energy is lost as heat in life processes
D) Because producers do not absorb sunlight properly at all levels

A) Green plants → Goat → Man
B) Dead leaves → Earthworm → Bird
C) Phytoplankton → Small fish → Big fish
D) Grass → Grasshopper → Lizard → Snake

A) Producer
B) Primary consumer
C) Secondary consumer
D) Tertiary consumer

A) Energy can flow from carnivores back to producers
B) Energy flows from decomposers to producers
C) Energy flow is always unidirectional from sun to producers to consumers
D) Energy can freely move up and down the trophic levels without any loss at all levels

A) Grass
B) Rabbit
C) Snake
D) Fungi on dead plants

A) Long chains are difficult to draw in diagrams
B) Energy available decreases at each trophic level
C) There are too many producers
D) Decomposers are not present at all levels in any ecosystem at all times

A) Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Small fish → Big fish
B) Small fish → Phytoplankton → Zooplankton
C) Zooplankton → Phytoplankton → Small fish
D) Big fish → Small fish → Phytoplankton → Zooplankton only in this order in all ponds

A) Producers
B) Herbivores
C) Primary carnivores
D) Decomposers only in all chains everywhere

A) A single straight food chain operates
B) Many food chains interconnect in an ecosystem
C) Decomposers stop working in the soil
D) Only producers and decomposers are present in an area

A) Energy can flow backward in a web
B) Each consumer depends on only one food source
C) Organisms have alternative food sources
D) Producers are not required if food webs are present in any ecosystem at all times always

A) One arrow from producer to one consumer only
B) Several arrows going to and from each organism
C) Only vertical arrows in one line
D) No arrows at all, only boxes of names of organisms anywhere in the picture

A) Single food chain
B) Food web
C) Ecological pyramid
D) Nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem always in all seasons everywhere in the grassland ecosystem

A) Producers increase sunlight
B) Decomposers stop working
C) Other species adjust their feeding habits
D) New species are created instantly from non-living matter only in all ecosystems always when any species disappears anywhere in the world at any time

A) A slight reduction in population of a single herbivore
B) Complete removal of all producers
C) Migration of a few birds
D) Decrease in decomposers only on one day of the year in all ecosystems entirely anywhere in the world always in the same way

A) Only trees
B) Only deer
C) Omnivores like bear
D) Only microscopic bacteria always in all food chains in the same way in every forest plus grassland ecosystem equally

A) Animals usually eat only one food item
B) Plants provide only one type of food
C) Most animals have varied diet and change prey with availability
D) Diagrams of food webs are easier to draw than diagrams of food chains everywhere in all textbooks only for exam preparation purposes always without any ecological reasons

A) Increase in the number of its prey
B) Decrease in the number of its prey
C) No change in the food web
D) Immediate disappearance of all producers in every ecosystem of the world irrespective of local conditions on all days of the year instantly

A) Only primary consumer
B) Only producer
C) Secondary consumer appearing in more than one food chain
D) Decomposer performing only nutrient recycling but never participating in energy flow in any ecosystem at all times anywhere in the world equally always in every season always at all trophic levels in every food chain

A) Cycling of water
B) Feeding relationships with respect to number, biomass or energy
C) Movement of gases in the atmosphere
D) Only the mineral composition of soil without any reference to biotic factors just in one place in the world and nowhere else for any type of ecosystem on any day at any time always equally everywhere

A) Pyramid of number
B) Pyramid of biomass
C) Pyramid of energy
D) All three pyramids always inverted equally in all ecosystems everywhere in the same way irrespective of nature of producers or consumers at any time in any place in the world in each and every season always

A) Upright
B) Inverted
C) Always spindle-shaped
D) Always rectangular everywhere in every type of forest in the same way under all conditions during all seasons at all times and all locations in the world always without any variation in shape at any time in any place or weather condition at all and so on endlessly always

A) Always upright because producers are largest in biomass
B) Often inverted, with biomass of phytoplankton smaller than biomass of fishes
C) Always rectangular because the biomass is equal in all trophic levels
D) Has no connection with food chains or trophic levels in the pond ecosystem or anywhere else in the world ever at any time in any season any place indefinitely always

A) Top carnivores
B) Herbivores
C) Producers
D) Decomposers only in all textbooks and nowhere else in the real world at any time in any season any place always forever even at all scales of diagrams and in nature in each and every region irrespective of local climate or biodiversity completely unchanging and identical across the globe endlessly without any alteration by ecological or climatic factors for all time to come

A) Pyramid of energy only
B) Pyramid of number or pyramid of biomass
C) Pyramid of energy and biomass but not number
D) None of them, as inversion is impossible in any condition in the entire world in any ecosystem of any type anywhere ever on any day or in any season or climate or any latitude longitude altitude or any other location in the biosphere without exception absolutely unchangeable law always for all time and all conditions everywhere forever exactly the same and never any different

A) Very high energy at top level
B) Very low energy or biomass at top level
C) Equal energy at all levels
D) No relation between pyramid shape and energy distribution across any trophic levels always for all time and in every ecosystem at any place in the world with every type of soil water climate or biodiversity irrespective of any differences or variability or changes in rainfall temperature or other climatic or ecological factors at all seasons for all years forever exactly identical and unchanging without any variation anywhere at all in any place or time across entire biosphere always in the same way permanently forever and never any different under any circumstances at any time in the past present or future or any place or location on Earth without exception

A) Upright with many trees and few herbivores
B) Inverted with one tree supporting many herbivores and even more parasites
C) Rectangular with equal number at all levels
D) Circular in all textbooks everywhere without any connection to actual number of organisms in nature at any time in any season across entire biosphere in every ecosystem irrespective of rainfall climate or topography or biodiversity pattern or any other local or regional factors that might affect population sizes or community structure in different habitats or trophic levels anywhere in the world ever under any condition or circumstance and so on infinitely always unchanging and identical across all places and times without any variation or difference ever

A) Energy can never be measured
B) Producers do not require energy
C) Energy is always lost as we move to higher trophic levels
D) Energy can be created and destroyed freely at each trophic level without following any conservation laws in any part of the universe at any time or place under all possible conditions

A) Pyramid of number
B) Pyramid of biomass
C) Pyramid of energy
D) Pyramid of decomposers only in all ecosystems anywhere in the world for all time and seasons without any dependence on climate rainfall soil type topography or human activities and without any relation to number biomass or energy at other trophic levels or other organisms anywhere in the ecosystem under any conditions past present or future across the biosphere unchanging and identical everywhere and at all times and places forever under all circumstances and conditions

A) Afforestation
B) Deforestation
C) Soil conservation measures
D) Protection of wildlife in sanctuaries anywhere in the country all the time in every season under all conditions without any need for laws education or participation by people or scientific monitoring of biodiversity at local regional or national level in any way at any time or place forever across generations and centuries infinitely always and endless and unchanging

A) Increase in biodiversity of soil organisms
B) Decrease in soil and water quality
C) Complete elimination of all pests forever
D) Conversion of non-fertile land into fertile land in all situations for all crops irrespective of soil type rainfall or climate at any time and place everywhere equally without any negative effects on environment or human health under any circumstances whatsoever at any time now or in the future or in the past

A) Increased transparency of air
B) Respiratory problems and smog formation
C) Decrease in greenhouse gases
D) Improved health of lichens and other pollution-sensitive organisms in all kinds of ecosystems everywhere under all possible conditions for all time regardless of level of emissions or air quality standards implemented by authorities or behaviour of citizens or technological changes in transport energy or industry anywhere in the world ever in the past present or future in any season or climate anywhere on Earth or beyond under any imaginable conditions and circumstances whatsoever without exception

A) Excess addition of nutrients from fertiliser run-off
B) Removal of all nutrients from the water
C) Only increased temperature of water
D) Absolute absence of all human activity ever anywhere in the entire river basin and its catchment from the beginning of time to the end forever and equally in all lakes oceans ponds and rivers of the world without any exception delay or variation at any scale local regional or global whatsoever in any way at all under any condition or circumstance real or hypothetical actual or imagined anywhere anytime past present or future at all in any form or manner whatsoever in any universe or dimension or situation infinitely without end or change

A) Increase in dissolved oxygen
B) Decrease in dissolved oxygen and death of aquatic organisms
C) No change in water quality
D) Immediate purification of water by natural processes everywhere always in every situation and place across the world irrespective of quantity or composition of sewage or condition of river or climate or season or distance from source or any other factor at all times forever unchanging and identical under all circumstances during all time past present and future without any variation or effect ever of any kind anywhere whatsoever

A) Reduction in soil erosion
B) Increase in soil erosion and landslides
C) Decrease in run-off of rainwater
D) Stability of slopes irrespective of vegetation cover or rainfall intensity or geological conditions or time of year or land use practices or human activities or any other factor in all mountain ranges of the world forever under all conditions always identical and unchanging in every place or time or situation anywhere in the universe without any variation or exception for any reason at any time or location whatsoever under any circumstances or events past present or future at all in any way or form or manifestation or context real or imagined

A) Establishing a national park
B) Practising organic farming
C) Destruction of natural habitats
D) Planting local indigenous species in degraded land in a scientifically planned afforestation programme with community participation and proper monitoring and evaluation by forest department and local institutions over a long period in coordination with experts and stakeholders at village block district state national and regional levels under suitable policies schemes and legislation within a democratic governance framework with public awareness programmes and capacity building at different levels with support from research institutions and NGOs and civil society and media along with regular review feedback and course correction mechanisms to ensure effectiveness sustainability and equity in sharing benefits arising from improved ecosystem services and forest resources in accordance with environmental laws and guidelines as well as international commitments and conventions where applicable and relevant including but not limited to biodiversity climate change and sustainable development objectives and targets and principles across multiple time scales and spatial scales and sectors of economy and society and environment in an integrated holistic manner for long term ecological security and human well-being overall in the region and country and planet as a whole in the interest of present and future generations in a balanced inclusive and participatory way in line with constitutional provisions rights duties values and directives and ethical considerations of inter-generational equity ecological justice and stewardship of nature and environment by all sections of society and governance in the broadest sense of the term across boundaries disciplines cultures and institutions with global cooperation and local action together as part of a shared responsibility and vision for a sustainable world in harmony with nature and all living beings in accordance with science traditional knowledge and wisdom of people and communities respecting diversity plurality and dignity of life on Earth and beyond in our thoughts words and deeds always

A) Deforestation → Decrease in soil erosion
B) Excess fertiliser → Water pollution
C) Protection of wetlands → Loss of biodiversity
D) Sewage treatment → Increase in pathogens in rivers everywhere always under all conditions irrespective of design operation or regulation of treatment plants or monitoring or maintenance or enforcement or awareness or technology or any other factor in any place or time past present or future at all in any possible context or situation real or hypothetical anywhere in the universe without any exception or variation or modification ever for any reason whatsoever at any point or level or scale or dimension in all existence and reality as we know it or can imagine or conceive now or later or ever at all in any manner or circumstance or scenario in any way forever without end or change under any conditions constantly and uniformly across all space and time and beyond including all places and worlds and universes and dimensions that might exist or be possible in any sense or form in any way whatsoever

A) Reduce
B) Reuse
C) Recover
D) Recycle

A) Throwing all waste in open drains
B) Mixing all types of waste in one bin
C) Segregating waste into wet and dry categories
D) Burning plastic waste in streets everywhere under all conditions without any consideration for air quality or health or environment or rules or enforcement or awareness or alternatives or collective responsibility of citizens and authorities and institutions in any way at any time or place in any.context whatsoever anywhere ever in the world without exception or variation in any possible situation or circumstance real or imagined across all time and space and beyond endlessly and unchangingly in every respect and detail forever without end

A) Increasing hunting opportunities
B) Conserving biodiversity
C) Promoting only tourism
D) Converting forest land for large-scale commercial projects everywhere always under all conditions and laws and policies and contexts without any exceptions or limitations or regulations or consideration of ecological or social impacts or views of local communities or rights of people or need for environmental assessments or safeguards or sustainable practices or democratic decision-making or scientific advice or long-term consequences or responsibilities towards future generations or national or global commitments or ethical principles in any way at any time or place forever and ever without any change or review or accountability or transparency or participation or oversight by any institution or stakeholder or citizen or community anywhere on Earth or beyond in any sense or form at any level or scale or context now or ever in future or past consistently and absolutely and totally without any modification or deviation or balancing of interests or values or evidence or knowledge or norms or processes or aims or perspectives of any kind in any manner at all

A) Deforestation
B) Afforestation
C) Quarrying
D) Overgrazing in all types of landscapes at all times regardless of stocking rate management or carrying capacity or climate or soil or vegetation or land use or tenure or knowledge of local communities or traditional practices or policies or extension services or market forces or cultural values or social norms or technology or support schemes or governance or environmental awareness or monitoring or planning or adaptability or resilience or any other factor or condition real or possible anywhere ever in the world at any time or place in any situation or context forever unchangingly and identically in all respects and results and impacts and outcomes now and always in the same way without any difference or variation or complexity or multidimensionality or diversity or dynamism or learning or evolution or feedback or capacity building or innovation or transformation or lessons or reflections or actions or responses or solutions in any way ever at all

A) Using resources as fast as possible for quick profit
B) Using resources in a way that they get exhausted quickly
C) Using resources judiciously so that future generations also benefit
D) Not using any natural resource at all anywhere anytime by anyone for any purpose or need or activity or survival or development or well-being or culture or spirituality or identity or livelihood or learning or creativity or connection or inspiration or hope or joy or meaning or purpose or responsibility or care or sharing or stewardship or knowledge or understanding or expression or experience or existence or being or becoming or flourishing or thriving or resilience or transformation or evolution or journey or story or life itself in any form or way ever at all in any universe or dimension or reality or time or place or possibility or sense or imagination or dream or thought or feeling or memory or vision or intention or relation or context or process or moment or pattern or flow or dance or song or silence or stillness endlessly forever without any change or movement or creation or participation or presence anywhere ever at all

A) Water only
B) Mineral resources only
C) Conventional fuels like LPG, coal and firewood
D) Only electricity generated from solar power plants already operating at full capacity in every part of the world at all times of year day and night regardless of weather cloud cover dust haze pollution season location latitude longitude altitude orientation tilt shading obstacles or any other factor that might affect solar radiation and its conversion into electricity or heat or other forms of energy or service or value or benefit or impact in any way anywhere ever for any person or community or ecosystem or system or sector or context or scale or time frame or perspective always and completely identically under all conditions without any variation or difference or adaptation or management or design or integration or learning or innovation or policy or regulation or incentive or investment or participation or coordination or awareness or capacity or support or risk or uncertainty or challenge or opportunity or co-benefit or trade-off or synergy or complexity or interconnection or dynamic or feedback or emergence or story or meaning or choice or responsibility or hope or love or life itself

A) Keeping taps open while brushing
B) Repairing leaking taps and pipes
C) Washing vehicles with a running hose
D) Throwing solid waste into drains and water bodies regularly without any attempt to segregate or collect or recycle or treat or manage or regulate or enforce or educate or participate or innovate or support or coordinate or plan or monitor or evaluate or improve or learn or cooperate or care or respect or understand or reflect or change behaviour or systems or structures or policies or values or norms or practices or technologies or institutions or narratives or relations or contexts or stories or meanings or possibilities at any time or place or level in any manner or direction or extent or sequence or cycle or pattern or movement or journey or song or dance or silence or stillness or life for anyone anywhere ever at all in any way forever without end or variation or transformation or hope or love or joy or responsibility or courage or compassion or connection or wisdom or creativity or presence or awareness or learning or growth or flourishing or healing or peace or beauty or wonder or reverence or gratitude or resilience or trust or belonging or service or simple everyday care in our actions and choices together as human beings and communities and societies on Earth in relationship with water and all of nature and each other and ourselves and the whole of life in this moment and every moment now and always

A) Shifting cultivation without planning
B) Illegal cutting of trees
C) Promoting social forestry and community participation
D) Clearing forests for unsustainable projects without assessment of environmental impacts or consultation with local communities or consideration of biodiversity ecosystem services climate resilience or long-term consequences for people and nature or compliance with laws policies guidelines standards commitments ethics or responsibilities at any level or scale or time frame in any manner whatsoever under any circumstances or conditions anywhere in the world now or ever in future or past infinitely and unchangingly without any possibility of review reform resistance reflection reparation recovery regeneration or transformation in any way at all

A) Reducing waste at source
B) Increasing plastic production
C) Introducing new types of pollution
D) Avoiding all kinds of responsibility or action or choice or change or involvement or awareness or care or learning or growth or creativity or cooperation or courage or compassion or service or hope or love or meaning or joy or community or connection or contribution or accountability or leadership or citizenship or humanity or life in any way at any time or place or level or scale or context or relationship or moment or journey or story or pattern or possibility or reality or dream or imagination or expression or presence or breath or heartbeat or step or gesture or smile or word or silence or listening or seeing or feeling or knowing or being or becoming or belonging or giving or receiving or sharing or celebrating or mourning or healing or creating or tending or renewing or stewarding or participating or playing or working or resting or praying or reflecting or learning or teaching or guiding or following or supporting or being supported or standing up or sitting down or walking together or alone or together again and again in this world with all beings and Earth and sky and waters and life in countless ways and times and places and seasons and cycles and ages and stories and songs and dances and silences and stillnesses and mysteries and wonders and gifts and challenges and calls and responses and possibilities and futures and homes and journeys and lives and deaths and beyond

A) Increases pollution level
B) Reduces pollutants and protects aquatic life
C) Has no effect on water quality
D) Is only a decorative procedure with no functional value in any situation or system or context or scale anywhere anytime ever for any community or ecosystem or being or process or purpose or value or outcome or effect at all and is therefore completely unnecessary and irrelevant and meaningless and wasteful and harmful and always should be stopped everywhere completely with no conversation or consideration or dialogue or evidence or reflection or learning or responsibility or care or accountability or ethics or law or justice or solidarity or wisdom or creativity or imagination or humility or gratitude or love or courage or presence or participation or stewardship or service or hope or action or change or transformation anywhere ever at all

A) Organising nature camps and planting local species
B) Collecting rare plants from forests and keeping them at home
C) Throwing plastic during picnics
D) Ignoring environmental rules and signs in protected areas in all regions and seasons and contexts without any awareness or respect or care or responsibility or consequences or learning or accountability or guidance or enforcement or dialogue or relationship or connection or meaning or value or story or possibility or future or hope or love or life at all in any sense or form anywhere anytime ever for anyone or anything in any world or universe or reality or dimension or experience or imagination or context or situation or condition or relationship or pattern or cycle or moment or breath or step or heartbeat or gesture or word or silence or presence or reflection or learning or change or action or transformation or journey or home or community or Earth or life

A) Air pollution → Burn more fossil fuels
B) Deforestation → Plant more trees
C) Water pollution → Dump untreated waste in rivers
D) Loss of biodiversity → Destroy natural habitats more rapidly