Electricity- Simple Electric Circuits & Components
📚 Topic Overview: Electricity – Simple Electric Circuits & Components
This topic introduces the basics of electricity taught in school science: how simple circuits work,
what components they contain, standard symbols used in circuit diagrams, and the difference between
conductors and insulators. Understanding these concepts is essential for solving numericals,
drawing circuits, and identifying real-life electrical safety needs.
1. Simple Electric Circuit & Its Components
Concept / Theory
A simple electric circuit is a closed path (మూసిన మార్గం) through which electric current (విద్యుత్ ప్రవాహం)
flows. A basic circuit contains a cell/battery, connecting wires, a switch, and a bulb.
Current flows only when the circuit is closed.
Analogy / Examples
- A closed water pipe allows water to flow — similarly, a closed circuit allows current.
- నీటి గొట్టం మూసినప్పుడు నీరు వస్తుంది; అలాగే సర్క్యూట్ మూసినప్పుడు కరెంట్ ప్రవహిస్తుంది.
Conversions / Formulas
- Current (I) = Charge (Q) / Time (t)
- Voltage (V) = Work / Charge
- 1 A (Ampere) = 1000 mA (మిల్లి యాంపియర్)
| English | Telugu |
|---|---|
| Circuit | సర్క్యూట్ |
| Current | విద్యుత్ ప్రవాహం |
| Switch | స్విచ్ |
A torch light works only when the circuit inside is complete. When the switch is ON,
the path closes and the bulb glows.
If a bulb does not glow, check three things: cell connection, switch position, and wire continuity.
2. Symbols of Electric Components
Concept / Theory
Circuit diagrams use standard symbols (చిహ్నాలు) to represent components. These symbols help
understand and draw circuits easily without pictures.
Analogy / Examples
- Just like traffic signs represent actions, electrical symbols represent components.
- రోడ్డు సూచికలు ఎలా అర్థం అవుతాయో, అలాగే సర్క్యూట్ చిహ్నాలు కూడా అర్థం అవుతాయి.
Symbols Table
| Component | Symbol Meaning |
|---|---|
| Cell | One long line + one short line |
| Battery | Two or more cells |
| Switch (open/closed) | Break or join in line |
| Bulb | Circle with cross (X) |
| English | Telugu |
|---|---|
| Symbol | చిహ్నం |
| Battery | బ్యాటరీ |
| Bulb | బల్బ్ |
Electricians use only symbols on wiring diagrams while installing house wiring.
Remember: Long line = positive terminal; short line = negative terminal.
3. Electric Conductors & Insulators
Concept / Theory
Conductors (వాహకాలు) allow electric current to pass through them. Insulators (అవాహకాలు)
do not allow current. Metals are good conductors; rubber and plastic are good insulators.
Analogy / Examples
- Metal spoon gets hot quickly; plastic spoon does not — same idea in electricity.
- లోహం కరెంట్ను తీసుకుపోతుంది; ప్లాస్టిక్ కరెంట్ను అడ్డుకుంటుంది.
Comparison Table
| Conductors | Insulators |
|---|---|
| Copper, Aluminium | Rubber, Plastic |
| Allow current | Block current |
| English | Telugu |
|---|---|
| Conductor | వాహకం |
| Insulator | అవాహకం |
| Metal | లోహం |
Electric wires have copper inside and plastic coating outside for safety.
If an object allows bulb to glow in a tester circuit, it is a conductor.