Paper – I(A) Structure and Content (All Compulsory)
| Part | Subject Area | Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Child Development and Pedagogy, ICT Integration | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| B | Language I (Telugu/Urdu/Hindi/Kannada/Tamil/Odia) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| C | Language II (Compulsory Language – English) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| D | Mathematics | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| E | Environmental Studies | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| GRAND TOTAL | 150 MCQs | 150 Marks | |
I. Child Development and Pedagogy (30 Marks)
1. Understanding a Child:
- Constructs of childhood: Concept of childhood and its importance. Commonalities and diversities within the notion of childhood. Multiple Childhoods in Indian & Global Context. Role of Family, School in Socialization. Parenting, Family and adult-child relationships. Child rearing practices.
- Methods and techniques of data collection: Observation, Interviews, Reflective Journals, Anecdotal records and Narratives, Introspection, Experimental method, Questionnaire, Case Study, Rating Scales, Longitudinal and Cross-Cultural Approaches, Action Research in education.
- Perspectives in Development: Concept of Growth, Development and Maturation. Principles of development. Factors influencing development. Developmental milestones & Hazards. Branches of Psychology. Physical – Motor Development. Growth and maturation. School culture, relationships with teachers. Teacher expectations and School achievement. Being out of school, Over-age learner.
- Social Development: Concept and processes of socialization. Role of family, peers, school, mass media and culture. Role of competition, Cooperation, Discipline, Reward and Punishment, Conflict, Aggression and Bullying in Social Development.
- Emotional Development: Basic understanding of emotions, Types and their development. Emotional maturity, Emotional quotient, and management of emotions. Role of family and school in Emotional Development.
- Language development: Development of speech and language. Perspectives in Language Development – Skinner, Bandura and Chomsky.
- Moral Development: Perspectives on various theories of moral development. Cultural variations in moral reasoning.
- Play and development: Meaning of play and its functions. Types and kinds of play. Games and group dynamics: Rules of games and how children learn to negotiate differences and resolve conflict.
- A sense of self: Self-Description, Self-Recognition, Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, Social Comparison, Internalization And Self-Control.
2. Cognition and Cognitive Development:
- Cognition meaning, Stage wise cognitive development. Developmental factors of Cognition: Perception, Thinking, Attention, Imagination, Problem solving, Reasoning, Meta-cognition, Creativity.
- Individual differences: Intelligence, Nature and theories of intelligence – Single Factor Theory, Two Factor Theory, Multifactor Theory, Group Factor Theory, Guildford Model of Intellect, Multiple Intelligences, IQ, Intelligence tests. Perspectives on Cognitive Development – Piaget and Vygotsky. Concept formation: Meaning of Concept, Concept formation – Bruner, Piaget.
- Processes of Learning Content: Learning Processes among children – How do children learn? Behaviourism – Fundamental concepts and Applications. Thought and discrimination: The relation between thought process and learning, Cognition – Learning, Cognition Development, Structuralism – Classroom applications. Building on children’s existing ideas, Making connections, Making of a meaning, Relationship of concepts, Big ideas, Using graphic organizers and concept maps. Experiential learning.
3. Personality:
- Meaning, Definition, Characteristics and Elements of Personality. Factors influencing personality, Physical and Socio-cultural factors. Theories of Personality. Assessment of Personality – Projective and non-projective techniques.
- Mental Health, Adjustment, Defence mechanisms, Conflicts, Frustration, Stress, Anxiety, Maladjustment, Guidance and counselling.
4. Understanding Learning:
- Learning – Meaning, Nature, Types of learning, Learning Curves. Contexts of learning: Home, School, and Environment. Factors influencing learning: Maturation, Emotions, Learning environment, Motivation, Interests, Aptitude, and Attitude.
- Theories of learning: Trial and Error, Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, learning by Insight, Social Learning Theory, Bruner’s Theory of Instruction, Constructivism – Piaget, Vygotsky, Reciprocal Teaching, Collaborative Learning, Construction of knowledge – 5E Method, Role of Language & a Teacher its Classroom applications. Transfer of learning: Meaning, Types and Theories of Learning, Transfer of Learning, Memory and Forgetting.
- Children with Special Needs: Learning disabilities, Importance of early intervention, IEP, Differentiated learning. Creating inclusive learner friendly environment: Inclusive Education, Importance, Need for multiple resources, Ways and means of adapting to diverse needs, Flexible planning, Classroom management, Inclusive schools.
5. Pedagogy, Resources, and ICT Fundamentals:
- Pedagogy Conceptions: Learner, Knowledge, Learning – Types of Learning – Concept & Nature, Child’s abilities before coming to school and its implications. Concept of Curriculum and its Components, Schooling: Inter-linkages and relationships. Critical examination of terminologies and notions associated with child centred education such as Activity-based learning, Joyful learning etc. Methods of teaching, Facilitating learning, Teacher as reflective practitioner, Collaborative and Cooperative learning.
- Resources and Practices: Critical Pedagogy – Concept, Necessity, and Applications in Teaching-Learning process. Reflections on school of thought and theories: Gijubhai, A.S. Neill – Summer hill School, Totto-chan Tomoe School, Makarenko, John Holt, Paulo Freire, Jean Piaget, Bruner, Vygotsky. Range of physical/digital resources; Classroom organization; Assessment, Evaluation types, Tools of assessment, CCE. Statistical measures and graphs. Latest educational policies: Child Right Act, RTI Act, RTE Act, NCF 2005, APSCF 2011, NEP 2020, NCFSE-2023.
- ICT Fundamentals & Integration: Computer hardware, software, input/output devices, the internet, netiquette. Content creation, Open Educational Resources (OERs), DIKSHA, MOOCs, Canva, Moodle. Cybersecurity, Cyber law, Security, Freeware. Flanders Interaction Analysis.
Mathematics Syllabus – Paper I(A)
1. Numbers:
- Numbers – Four fundamental operations (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division). Hindu-Arabic system of numeration (Indian system) – International system of numeration (British system). Place value and Face values of a digit in a number. Comparing and Ordering of Numbers.
- Whole Numbers – Factors and Multiples – Prime and Composite numbers – Even and Odd numbers – Tests for Divisibility of Numbers – Common Factors and Common Multiples – Prime factorization – Highest Common Factor (G.C.D) – Lowest Common Multiple – Integers properties and fundamental operations – Fractions and decimals: Types of fractions, comparison, applications in daily life, fundamental operations.
- Rational Numbers – Properties of Rational Numbers, Rational Numbers between two rational numbers, Four fundamental Operations. Product of reciprocals. Squares, Square roots (Numbers and Decimals), Properties of Square Numbers. Cubes, Cube roots of Numbers. Playing with Numbers, Shifting Digits.
2. Arithmetic & Algebra:
- Arithmetic: BODMAS rule. Ratios and Proportions (Direct, Inverse), comparing quantities using ratios, proportion, percentage and their applications. Profit and Loss, Discount, Sales Tax / Value Added Tax / Goods and Services Tax. Simple, Compound Interest and their applications.
- Algebra: Patterns – making rules – The idea of variables – formation of algebraic expressions – Terms, Factors and Coefficients – Linear equations in one variable terms and types of algebraic expressions – finding the value of an expression – Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions. Multiplying a Monomial by a Monomial and polynomial, Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial. Standard Identities and their applications. Exponents and Powers, Negative exponents, Laws of exponents, Standard form. Factorisation, Division of Algebraic Expressions (Polynomial to Polynomial), Linear Graphs.
3. Geometry & Mensuration:
- Geometry: Basic geometrical concepts (Point, Line, Line segment, Ray, Curves, Polygons, Angles) – Measuring of Lines – Pairs of Lines – Elements of Angles – Measuring of Angles – Types of Angles – Naming of the given 2D figures of Triangles, Square and Rectangle – The Triangle: Types and its Properties. Classification of Polygons – Angle sum property. Kinds of Quadrilaterals (Trapezium, Kite, Parallelogram), Special parallelograms (Rhombus, Rectangle, Square). Constructing Quadrilaterals. Views of 3D-Shapes, Euler’s Rule (Edges, Vertices and Faces), Nets for 3D shapes.
- Mensuration: Measuring Length, Weight, Capacity, Time-Seasons, Calendar, Money, Area. Symmetry (Line and Rotational). Perimeter of Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Trapezium, Parallelogram, Circle and Polygon. Area of a Quadrilateral, Surface Area and Volume of Cube, Cuboid and Cylinder.
- Data Handling: Pictograph, tally marks, bar graphs, double bar graph, pie charts. Arithmetic Mean, Mode, Median of un-grouped data. Chance and Probability.
4. Methodology (6 Marks):
- History, Nature and Definitions of Mathematics. Aims, values and instructional objectives of teaching Mathematics. Methods of Teaching & Remedial measures. Instructional Material, TLM and Resource Utilization. Curriculum, Text Book & Instructional Planning. Assessment – Evaluation, CCE, and feedback.
Environmental Studies Syllabus – Paper I(A)
1. Science Content (12 Marks):
- Living World & Life Processes: Living and non-living things. Plants: Herb, shrub, Tree, habitat (Terrestrial, Aquatic, Desert), parts and functions. Animals around us: Oviparous, viviparous, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, shelters, birds, homes, nests, sounds, movements, adaptation. Human beings: Body parts, good habits, sense organs and care, concern for differently abled, Good/Bad touch, skeleton, bones, joints, muscles, safety measures (home, school, road), First-aid. Cell: Basic unit of life, structure and function. Microorganisms: types, useful and harmful. Nutrition in plants and humans, Digestion. Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Coordination (Nervous system), Reproduction (sexual, asexual, vegetative), Puberty and adolescence phase.
- Natural Phenomena, Objects and Materials: Properties of materials, classification, Metals and Non-metals, Reactivity order. Separation methods, Saturated/Unsaturated solutions. Acids, bases and salts, indicators, Neutralization. Physical and chemical changes, Rusting, Galvanization, Crystallization.
- Physics Elements: Measurement of distances, motion and rest, types of motion, speed, time graphs. Light, shadows, reflections, mirrors, lenses, dispersion, Human Eye, Braille System. Electricity: circuits, symbols, conductors, heating/magnetic/chemical effects, CFL, LED, Fuse, MCB, Electroplating. Magnetism: properties, compass. Force, Friction (types, adjustments), Pressure (fluid, atmospheric). Combustion, fuels, fire control, flame zones. Sound: propagation, wave features, ear mechanism, noise pollution. Lightning, Earthquakes, Tsunamis protection. Transportation history and Communication mediums. Professions and Services. Climate change, disaster management, pollution (Air, Water, Sewage), Biodiversity conservation.
2. Social Studies Content (12 Marks):
- Our Universe & Resources: Shape of Earth, Universe origin, Solar System, Celestial bodies, Latitudes and Longitudes, Movements of Earth, Equinox, Eclipses. Maps (Directions, Scale, Symbols). Earth Environment components. Major Land Forms in AP, Podu cultivation. Forests types and conservation. Land, Soil, Water, Vegetation and Wildlife Resources. Minerals and Power Resources (Conventional, Non-Conventional). Human Resources, Population density, composition, and changes. Agriculture, farming types, crops, industrial pollution and degradation control. Public facilities, Water rights. Markets, Consumer Protection. Transportation lifelines, sea ports, international trade, tourism. Economic development, money, credit, and globalization.
- Political Systems, Governance & Inequities: Early settled life to emergence of Kingdoms (Mahajanapadas, Mauryan, Guptas, Satavahanas, Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara, Mughals). Governments: Monarchy, Democracy, Local Self Govt, Parliament, State Government (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary). Indian Constitution key features, Secularism, Laws, Fundamental Rights and Duties. British colonialism impact (Diwani system, indigo rebellion, tribal impacts, freedom struggle, mass nationalism). Social Organization and Inequities: discrimination types, steps to equality, women’s movement, caste reforms, marginalization defense (1989 Act). Power-sharing (Belgium, Sri Lanka), Federalism, Political Parties, Democracy outcomes. Religions history, Bhakti and Sufi movements. AP historical and tourist sites, early civilizations (Indus Valley, Vedic period, literature), culture and languages.
3. Methodology (6 Marks – Split between Science and Social):
- History, Nature and Definitions of Science/Social. Aims, values and instructional objectives (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy) – Academic Standards. Methods of Teaching & Remedial measures. Instructional Material, TLM and Resource Utilization. Curriculum, Text Book & Instructional Planning. Assessment – Evaluation, CCE, SAT Analysis, and feedback.
Paper – I(B) Structure and Content (Special Education)
| Part | Subject Area | Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Child Development and Pedagogy, ICT (Special Education) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| B | Language I (Telugu/Urdu/Hindi/Kannada/Tamil/Odia) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| C | Language II (English) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| D | Mathematics | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| E | Environmental Studies | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| GRAND TOTAL | 150 MCQs | 150 Marks | |
I. Child Development and Pedagogy (Special Education) (30 Marks)
1. Child Development:
- Nature of Child development. Principles and approaches of growth and development. Theories of learning. Methods of child study. Individual differences.
2. Pedagogy in Special Education:
- Characteristics and educational needs of Children with Special Needs (CWSN). Types and approaches to assessment of Children with Special Needs. Statistical Analysis of Student Assessment data. Curriculum Development and Curricular adaptations. Concept of Individual Educational Plan (IEP) and Individualized Family Services Plan (IFSP). Teaching strategies for Children with Special Needs.
3. Education Commissions and Policies (School Education):
- Constitutional provisions on education that reflect National Ideals: Equality, liberty, secularism, and social justice.
- National Commissions and Policies: Education Commission (1964), NPE and POA (1986, 1992), National Policy for Persons with Disabilities (2006), NCF-2005, RTE-2010, APSCF-2011, National Education Policy 2020, NCFPE-2022, NCFSE-2023.
- National Acts: RCI Act, 1992, PWD Act, 1995, NT Act, 1999, RTE Act (2009 & 2012), RPWD Act, 2016.
- Programmes and Schemes: IEDC (1974, 1983), SSA (2000, 2011), RMSA, 2009, IEDSS, 2009.
- International Conventions and Policies: Salamanca Declaration and Framework, 1994; UNCRPD, 2006; MDG, 2015; INCHEON strategies. New trends and strategies in implementing inclusive education for CWSN.
4. ICT Fundamentals & Integration (Special Ed Profile):
- Computer hardware, software, input/output utilities, Open Educational Resources (OERs), DIKSHA, MOOCs platforms. Canva, Tutor, Moodle. Cybersecurity laws. Pedagogical integration methods and mapping content analysis with alternative resource modules.
Core Content Subjects – Paper I(B)
The core subjects under Paper I(B) follow the textual framework parameters of classes III to VIII with testing mapped to standard difficulty constraints.
- Language I & II: Standard grammar skills matching phonetic traits, word formulation parameters, and reading comprehensions (Prose/Poetry).
- Mathematics Content: Covers the comprehensive baseline numbers metrics, operations, simple calculations, geometries properties, data handling bar records, and algebra formulas outlined inside the core standard specifications.
- Environmental Studies: Evaluates basic science properties, life processes parameters, social political environments, constitutional items, and regional environmental conservation modules.
Paper – II(A) Structure and Content Layout
| Part | Subject Area Options | Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Child Development and Pedagogy, ICT Integration | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| B | Language I (Telugu/Urdu/Hindi/Kannada/Tamil/Odia/Sanskrit) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| C | Language II (English) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| D.1 | Mathematics and Science (or) | 60 MCQs | 60 Marks |
| D.2 | Social Studies (or) | 60 MCQs | 60 Marks |
| D.3 | Language Options (Telugu/English/Urdu/Hindi/etc.) | 60 MCQs | 60 Marks |
| GRAND TOTAL SELECTION | 150 MCQs | 150 Marks | |
A. Child Development and Pedagogy (30 Marks) – Paper II(A)
1. Growth, Development and Maturation:
- Concept of Growth, Development, and Maturation. Principles of Development. Stages of Growth and Development (Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence). Dimensions of Growth and Development (Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, Language). Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches to Understanding Development.
- Theories of Development: Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory, Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory, Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory, Goleman’s Emotional Development Theory.
- Socialization & Transition: Characteristics and Developmental Tasks of Childhood. The Child in Different Socio-Cultural Contexts. The Process of Socialization – Conflict Resolution and Social Development. Isolated Play, Parallel Play, and Social Play; Characteristics of Socially Mature Individuals. Adolescence as a Period of Transition: Characteristics and Needs. Origins of Problems. Adolescent Groups – Gangs. Adjustment Mechanisms, Defense Mechanisms, Holistic Development. Leadership: Types, Quality development, Educational Implications.
2. Individual Differences & Learning:
- Individual Differences: Cognitive Abilities, Thinking, Imagination, Reasoning, Problem solving, Interests, Attitude, Personality, Aptitude, Creativity, Needs and Values. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences – Implications for Understanding Differences. Learning Styles and Socio-Cultural Context (Home Language vs. Instructional Language). Learning Difficulties, Slow Learners, Intellectually Challenged, Intellectually Gifted – Variations from a ‘Differences’ rather than ‘Deficits’ perspective. Encouraging Creativity.
- Understanding Learning Process: Concept, types, and factors influencing, Learning curves. Attention, sensation, perception, and concept formation. Memory & forgetting: applicability to learning and strategies, Retention. Transfer of learning: concept, theories and types (Horizontal and Vertical). Role of motivation.
- Learning Perspectives: Behaviourist (Trial and error – Thorndike, Laws of learning; Classical Conditioning – Pavlov; Operant Conditioning – Skinner; Merits/applicability). Cognitive and Humanist (Insight learning – Kohler, Discovery learning – Bruner, Developmental theory – Piaget, Social Learning – Bandura, Constructivism – Vygotsky). Humanist perspectives (Learner centered approach – Rogers).
3. Pedagogical Concerns & Assessment:
- Teaching Process: Concept, teaching as a profession, art and science. Distinction between Instruction, training and teaching. Phases: planning, execution and reflection. Role of teacher: model, facilitator, negotiator, co-learner, reflective practitioner, classroom researcher. Functions in classroom, school and community. Learning Environment and Engagement: Safe environments, role of culture, responsive environments. Assisted performance, supervised discussion, reciprocal teaching. Classroom Organization: seating arrangements, learner friendly environments, material maintenance, School Complex. Disciplinary practices, rules, routines. Action Research. Mental Health.
- Assessment: Tools, types, CCE, statistical measures and graphs interpretation. Policies: Child Right Act, RTI, RTE, NCF 2005, APSCF 2011, NEP 2020, NCFSE-2023.
- ICT Integration: Educational Technology Concept, Barriers & Types. Flanders Interaction Analysis System. Computer Fundamentals (Hardware, Software, Memory, DOS, Windows, Mac, Apps). Word Processing, Presentations, Statistical tools, Webpage creation, Networks, E-Learning, Web 2.0, Canva, Moodle, Virtual Classrooms, Smart Boards, OERs, DIKSHA, MOOCs. Plagiarism, Ethical and Legal Standards.
D.1 Mathematics & Science Syllabus (60 Marks Total)
D.1.1 Mathematics Content (20 Marks) & Methodology (4 Marks):
- Number System & Arithmetic: Indian/International systems, place value, whole numbers, factors, multiples, prime factorization, HCF, LCM, integers operations. Fractions and decimals daily applications. Rational Numbers properties, decimal expansions (non-terminating, recurring). Squares, Square roots, Cubes, Cube roots, Irrational numbers, Real numbers operations, laws of exponents. Sets representation (Roster/Set builder), classification (empty, universal, subset, finite, infinite, disjoint, equal), Venn diagrams, cardinality, basic operations (Union, Intersection). Arithmetic: BODMAS, Ratios, Proportions (Direct, Inverse), percentages, Profit/Loss, Discount, Tax (VAT/GST), Simple/Compound Interest.
- Geometry, Statistics & Algebra: Points, lines, curves, polygons, angles measurement, parallel lines. Triangles congruence/similarity properties, areas. Quadrilaterals classifications (Trapezium, Kite, Parallelogram, Rhombus, Square, Rectangle). Euler’s rule for 3D shapes. Euclid’s geometry definitions, axioms, postulates. Circles chords properties, tangents, secants. Statistics: Data interpretation (pictograph, bar graphs, histograms, frequency polygons, pie charts). Measures of central tendency (Mean, Mode, Median for grouped/ungrouped data). Algebra: variables, expressions, terms, linear equations (one and two variables options), systems of linear equations solutions. Polynomials degree, zeroes, graphical representations, factorization, identities, division algorithm. Arithmetic/Geometric progressions nth terms and sums. Coordinate Geometry: Cartesian system, distance formulas, section formula, centroid, area of triangle, Heron’s formula, collinearity, slope of lines. Trigonometry: right triangle naming, ratios of specific/complementary angles, identities, application problems.
- Mensuration & Probability: Length, weight, capacity, time, seasons, calendar, money. Perimeter and area of basic shapes, parallelogram theorems, mid-point theorem. Surface area and volume of Cube, Cuboid, Cylinder, Sphere, Right Circular Cone, combination solids conversion. Probability: real-life chances, theoretical approach, mutually exclusive events, complementary events, certain/impossible items, deck of cards applications.
- Methodology: Nature, scope, history, aims, values. Bloom’s Taxonomy revised standards. Methods of teaching, resources (NCF-2005, RTE-2010, SCF-2011, NEP-2020, NCFSE-2023). Planning, assessment, SAT analysis, feedback.
D.1.2 Physical Science Content (16 Marks) & Methodology (4 Marks):
- Measurement, Motion, Forces & Gravitation: Story of transport, non-standard/standard units (CGS, SI), unit conversions. Motion along straight lines, scalars, vectors, velocity, acceleration, distance-time/velocity-time graphs, equations of motion, circular motion. Newton’s laws of motion, inertia, momentum, balanced/unbalanced forces. Force effect on objects, field/contact types, net force. Friction types (static, sliding, rolling, fluid), factors affecting, structural changes. Pressure in liquids/gases, atmospheric pressure. Universal law of gravitation, free fall, G-acceleration variations, mass, weight, thrust, buoyancy, Archimedes’ Principle.
- Work, Energy, Heat, Sound & Light: Scientific conception of work, constant force work, energy forms (kinetic, potential, mechanical), law of conservation of energy, power units. Heat and temperature, transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), units conversions (C/F/K), thermal equilibrium, kinetic energy relationship, evaporation, condensation, humidity, boiling, melting, latent heats. Sound production, propagation medium, wave properties (wavelength, frequency, period, speed), pitch, loudness, intensity, reflection, echo, reverberation, ultrasound, noise pollution. Light propagation, shadows, regular/diffused reflection, laws, plane mirrors characteristics, spherical mirrors, refraction, refractive index, Snell’s law, total internal reflection, mirages, optical fibers, lenses formulas, human eye vision defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia), prism dispersion, rainbow, scattering.
- Electricity, Metallurgy, Carbon & Matter Chemistry: Circuits components, symbols, cell types, series/parallel paths, heating effects, fuse, MCBs, chemical/magnetic effects, electromagnets, Ohm’s law, resistance factors. Magnetism discovery, materials, poles, induction, Oersted’s experiment, fields, flux density. Metallurgy ores, minerals, extraction steps, activity series, dressing, hand picking, washing, flotation, magnetic separation, reduction, refining, corrosion control, smelting, roasting, calcination, flux, gangue. Carbon allotropes, hydrocarbons (saturated/unsaturated), homologous series, isomerism, functional groups, nomenclature, chemical reactions, ethanol, ethanoic acid, esters, soaps, detergents. slow/fast/physical/chemical changes, matter states, sublimation, separation methods (winnowing, filtration, distillation, fractional tracks), pure substances vs mixtures. Laws of chemical combination, atomic mass, valency, subatomic particles, atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Sommerfeld), isotopes, isobars. Chemical bonding (ionic, covalent). Synthetic fibers, plastics. Coal, petroleum refining, petrochemicals, combustion, fire control, acid-base indicators, pH scale, salts preparation and uses.
- Methodology: Nature, scope, history, aims, values, Blooms revised taxonomy, instructional planning, assessment, SAT analysis, feedback.
D.1.3 Biological Science Content (16 Marks) & Methodology (4 Marks):
- Living World, Cell Biology & Tissues: Characteristics of living organisms, habitats and adaptations, skeletal parts, joints, muscles, movements. Cell structure and function, types of cells, cell division, animal and plant tissues. Microorganisms types, useful and harmful. Crop yields improvement, agricultural practices, animal husbandry, aquaculture, apiculture.
- Life Processes & Environmental Biology: Components of food, balanced diet, malnutrition, deficiency diseases. Plant parts and functions, autotrophic, parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic, insectivorous nutrition. Digestion in humans, grass eating animals, amoeba. Cellular respiration types, transport system evolution, circulation, excretion, secretions. Nervous and endocrine systems coordination in animals, plant hormones, tropic/nastic movements. Reproduction modes (sexual, asexual, vegetative), seed dispersal, metamorphosis, cloning, reproductive health, birth control, heredity, variations, Mendel’s experiments, sex determination. Ecosystem food chains, webs, pyramids, energy flow, environmental impact. Deforestation, Chipko movement, conservation of wildlife, endangered species, pollution controls, greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone depletion, acid rains, nitrogen cycle.
- Methodology: Nature, scope, history, methods, curriculum resources, instructional planning, assessment, SAT analysis, feedback.
Paper – II(B) Structure and Content Layout
| Part | Subject Area Breakdown | Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Child Development and Pedagogy, ICT (Special Education) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| B | Language I (Telugu/Urdu/Hindi/Kannada/Tamil/Odia/Sanskrit) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| C | Language II (English) | 30 MCQs | 30 Marks |
| D | Category of Disability Specialisation and Pedagogy | 60 MCQs | 60 Marks |
| TOTAL BLUEPRINT | 150 MCQs | 150 Marks | |
A. Child Development and Pedagogy (Special Education) (30 Marks)
1. Child Development & Pedagogy Foundations:
- Growth and Development. Theories and approaches to human development. Individual differences. Learning process and theories. Sensation, Attention, Perception, Motivation and Intelligence.
- Pedagogy in Special Education: Types, Characteristics and Educational needs of CWSN. Stages of teaching and learning. Approaches of curriculum development. Adaptations and accommodations. Inclusive Education. Inclusive academic instructions. Individualised Education Plan (IEP). Teaching Strategies and Evaluation. New trends and strategies in implementing Inclusive Education for CWSN. Vocational Education and Training. Identification of Assessment of CWSN. Statistical Analysis of students assessment data.
2. Education Commissions, Policies & ICT Systems:
- Education Commissions and Policy (School Education): Constitutional provisions on education that reflect National Ideals: Equality, liberty, secularism and social justice. National Commissions and Policies: Education Commission (1964), NPE and POA (1986, 1992), National Policy for Persons with Disabilities (2006), NCF-2005, APSCF-2011, National Education Policy 2020, NCFPE-2022, NCFSE-2023. National Acts: RCI Act, 1992, PWD Act (1995), NT Act (1999), RTE Act (2009 & 2012), RPWD Act (2016). Programmes and schemes: IEDC (1974, 1983), SSA (2000, 2011), RMSA, 2009, IEDSS, 2009. International Conventions and Policies: Salamanca Declaration and Framework, 1994, UNCRPD 2006, MDG, 2015, INCHEON Strategies.
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Educational Technology Concept, Growth, Objectives, Characteristics, Advantages, Challenges, and Impact, Communication Concept, Elements, Process, Barriers & Types. Teaching as Communication – Communication Technology and Its Application in Education, Instructional Media and Aids – Aural, Print, Visual, and Multimedia. ICT in Education: Knowledge Acquisition and Multi-Sensory Approaches, Classroom Communication and Communicative Skills for Teachers and Students – Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System. Individualized Instruction Concept, Need, Principles, and Techniques. Programmed Learning – Principles, Types, Modes of Presentation, Development, Application, and the Role of the Teacher.
- Computer Fundamentals and Applications: Types, Characteristics, and Features of Computers. Components of Computers – Hardware, Software, Memory, and Maintenance. Operating Systems – DOS, Windows, Macintosh, and Mobile Apps for Teaching. Software for Word Processing, Presentations, Statistical & Graphical Applications, Page Layout, Multimedia, and Webpage Creation. The Concept, Applications, and Challenges of Computer Networks, the Internet, Email, and Digital Space. ICT-Enriched Learning Experiences: The Application of ICT for Enriching Classroom Experiences. Using Multimedia Educational Software in the Classroom. Leveraging Internet-Based Media for Teaching and Learning Enrichment. Project-Based Learning Utilizing Computers, the Internet, and Related Activities. Collaborative Learning Through Group Discussions, Projects, Field Visits, Blogs, etc. Application of Computers in Education: Computers as Learning Tools – The Concept of E-Learning. Web 2.0 Technologies – Characteristics, Types, and Examples Educational software like Canva, Tutor, and Moodle., Virtual Classrooms, Smart Boards, Tools, and Opportunities. Open Educational Resources – Concept and Significance Utilization of Open Educational Resources and different ICT platforms like MOOCS, DIKSHA etc. Critical Issues in Internet Usage Authenticity, Addiction, Plagiarism, Ethical and Legal Standards.
D. Category of Disability Specialization and Pedagogy (60 Marks)
1. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD):
- Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Types and Characteristics, Related Disorders, Identification and Assessment, ASD – Differential Assessment Development of Curriculum, Curriculum Development and Teaching, Curricular Focus for Children with ASD, Curricular Adaptation for Inclusive Education of Children with ASD, Methods of Evaluating Children with ASD.
- Developmental Approach, Behavioural Approach, Cognitive Approach, Social Approach, Teaching Methods and Strategies. Etiological Aspects, Communication Aspects, Sensory Motor Aspects, Assistive Technology (AT) and Assistive Devices (AD), Need Assessment and Planning for Assistive Technology Transition from adolescence to adulthood for a person with ASD, Preparedness for Adulthood, Needs and role of Family and Community, Practicum / Field Engagement.
2. Hearing Impairment (HI):
- Early Identification of Hearing Loss: Need and Strategies, Audiological Assessment, Assessment of Language & Communication, Assessment of Speech, Educational Assessment and Identification of Needs.
- Curriculum and Its’ Designing, Developing Literacy Skills: Reading, Developing Literacy Skills, Curricular Adaptation, Curricular Evaluation. Need & Strategies for Early Intervention of Hearing Loss, Auditory Learning (AVT & Auditory Training) & Speech Reading, Speech Intervention Strategies, Communication and Language Teaching Strategies, Educational Intervention Strategies Listening Devices and Classroom Acoustics, Technology for Management for Speech, Technology Facilitating Language & Communication, Technology Facilitating Education, Resource Mobilisation for Technology Psychosocial Aspects and Disability, Family Needs, Family Empowerment.
3. Learning Disability (LD):
- Introduction to Learning Disability (LD), Types of LD, Assessment of LD, Domains of Assessment, Assessment of Curricular Areas Curriculum Design, Curriculum Hierarchies, Instructional Planning, Adaptation, Modification, Accommodation, Assessment & Evaluation Conceptual Framework of Educational Interventions, Educational Interventions for Processing Deficit, Reading and Writing Interventions, Interventions for Mathematics, Intervention in Life Skills Concept of Technology, Learning Needs of CWLD, Technology for Presentation & Expression (Input and Output), Technology for Classroom Engagement, Trends & Issues in Using Technology Overview of Psycho-social Domains, Family Dynamics, Nurturing Social Emotional Wellbeing.
4. Mental Retardation / Intellectual Disability (ID):
- Intellectual Disability – Nature and Needs, Assessment, Assessment at Pre-School and School levels, Assessment at Adult and Vocational levels, Assessment of Family Needs Curriculum Designing, Curriculum at Pre-School and Primary School level, Curriculum at Secondary, Pre- and Vocational level, Curriculum Adaptations, Curriculum Evaluation Intervention, Individualised Education Programme, Teaching Strategies and TLM, Intervention for Mal-adaptive Behaviour, Therapeutic Intervention.
- Technology in Education and Instruction, Use of Multimedia in Education, Technology Based Instructions, Application of Technology Family, Psycho-Social Issues, Involving Families, Adolescent Issues, CBR and CPP (Community People Participation).
5. Multiple Disabilities (MD):
- Introduction to Multiple Disabilities, Identification and Assessment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities, Physical and functional Assessment, Developmental and Behaviour Aspects in Relation to Multiple Disabilities, Hearing, Speech, Language and Communication Aspects.
- Introduction to Curriculum Development, Curriculum Development at Various Stages, Curricular and Co-curricular Material Adaptation, Classroom Management, Evaluation Early Intervention, Therapeutic Intervention Strategies, Teaching Methods, Techniques and Strategies, Universal Design in Learning, Teaching Methods, Approaches and Strategies for Sensory Impairment Introduction to Assistive Technology (AT), Assistive Technology for Communication, Academic Learning and Assistive Living, Assistive Technology to Support Universal Design for Learning (UDL), Assistive Technology to Enhance Social Skills, Orientation and Mobility, Access to Computer. Attitudes and Stress, Role of family, Working with Family having Children with Disability, Community Resource Mobilization, Access.
6. Visual Impairment (VI):
- Anatomy and Physiology of Human Eye, Types of Visual Impairment and Common Eye Disorders, Implications of Visual Impairment and Needs of Visually Impaired, Identification and Assessment of Visual Impairment, Assessment of Learning Needs of Children with VIMD Concept and Types of Curriculum, Teaching Functional Academics Skills, Teaching of Independent Living Skills, Curricular Adaptation, Curricular Activities Theoretical Perspectives, Mathematics, Science, Social Science, Teaching of Children with Low Vision Introducing Educational and Information Communication Technology Adaptive Technologies, Access to Print for the Visually Impaired, Assistive Technologies for the Visually Impaired with Reference to School Subjects and Low Vision, Computer-Aided Learning Family of a Child with Visual Impairment, Parental Issues and Concerns, Rehabilitation of Children with Visual Impairment, Meeting the Challenges of Children with Visual Impairment.